Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Functional and Performance Analysis

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and pressure, cooperatively forward the collected information destination through infrastructure. As nodes are energy constraint devices, therefore, importance efficient routing protocols has been increased. In order minimize consumption, recently, a number hierarchical proposed. For instance, LEACH is an elementary protocol that employs clustering technique achieve efficiency. A lot research work performed remove shortcomings improve performance protocols. Therefore, comprehensive review required which can state-of-the-art technologies, analyze functional aspects, highlight issues challenges in WSNs. This paper proposes taxonomy for classification existing WSNs analyzes functionality Moreover, it compares key technological differences provides comparison selected based Finally, spotlights WSNs, assist future selection appropriate domain provide guidance techniques design